美国国家标准技术研究院（NIST）（National Institute of Standards and Technoligy）
美国国家标准技术研究院（NIST）（National Institute of Standards and Technoligy）是属于美国商业部的技术管理部门，前身是1901年建立的联邦政府的第一个物理科学实验室，位于马里兰州的Gaithersburg，是目前NIST总部所在地，占地234公顷，另一分部，位于科罗拉多州的Boulder,占地84公顷，还有两个设在大学的联合研究所，JILA在Colorado大学，CARB在Maryland大学。NIST的任务是为提高劳动生产率、促进贸易和改善生活质量、提高计量、标准和技术.

NIST标准品及标准件包括:食品与农业、健康与诊断、法医学、环境、高纯试剂、和工业卫生等行业。

      
From automated teller machines and atomic clocks to mammograms and semiconductors, innumerable products and services rely in some way on technology, measurement, and standards provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST's mission is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.

NIST carries out its mission in four cooperative programs:

the NIST Laboratories, conducting research that advances the nation's technology infrastructure and is needed by U.S. industry to continually improve products and services;

the Baldrige National Quality Program, which promotes performance excellence among U.S. manufacturers, service companies, educational institutions, health care providers, and nonprofit organizations; conducts outreach programs and manages the annual Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award which recognizes performance excellence and quality achievement;

the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, a nationwide network of local centers offering technical and business assistance to smaller manufacturers; and

the Technology Innovation Program, which is planned to provide cost-shared awards to industry, universities and consortia for research on potentially revolutionary technologies that address critical national and societal needs. (Note: This is a newly created program that has been authorized by Congress.)

Between 1990 and 2007, NIST also managed the Advanced Technology Program.

NIST's FY 2008 resources total $931.5 million. The agency operates in two locations: Gaithersburg, Md., (headquarters—234-hectare/578-acre campus) and Boulder, Colo., (84-hectare/208-acre campus). NIST employs about 2,900 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support and administrative personnel. Also, NIST hosts about 2,600 associates and facility users from academia, industry, and other government agencies. In addition, NIST partners with 1,600 manufacturing specialists and staff at about 400 MEP service locations around the country.